Genetics Codes impossible to improve without breaking the code.
The
discovery of ubiquitous poly-functional DNA is profound, as
shown in the following summary of a poly-functional DNA sequence
study.
(George
Montañez et al. 2013)
Research
shows that given an existing poly-functional DNA sequence, it seems
extremely, if not exponentially impossible to gain valid information
and or improve its status via any random mutation.
Naturalists
and evolutionists have made short lasting victory claims that for
example, the long-term E. coli bacteria (in biological experiments of
people like Lenski et al.) have been widely accepted as evidence and
proof of evidential evolution “before our very eyes”. Such
“evolution” would suggest that numerous beneficial mutations were
arising”.
This is a hoax. If we examine these claims in detail and more carefully, we find that
“The E. coli in these long-term experiments (which involved vast
numbers of cells over vast numbers of generations), did not appear to
evolve any new functions”. This is the key to the research. No new
information was revealed nor found in such experiments. Adaptation is usually followed by loss of information.
“The
only changes that were observed involved adaptations to the specific
artificial growth medium”. Adaptation does not mean evolution, it
is simple a mechanism of modification in order to follow up a
previously programmed mechanism that would and will never result in
any new species.
“This
type of adaptive change to an external factor is only a superficial
improvement — it does not explain how the E. coli genome arose, nor
how the information specifying the bacteria’s internal workings
arose”.
Furthermore,
“those studies failed to show any specific mutation which
was unambiguously beneficial”, as it was shown that most of those
mutations were not beneficial and rather consisted of a loss of
function rather than a gain or information or function.
Of course, the human genome and living organism's DNA are much more complex than that of an E-coli bacteria. The human DNA plays a poly- functional role in the processing of new cells.
Of course, the human genome and living organism's DNA are much more complex than that of an E-coli bacteria. The human DNA plays a poly- functional role in the processing of new cells.
All of these studies ultimately provided strong evidence that the discovery of
multiple overlapping codes, as shown by Montañez et al., required geneticists to re-adjust downward their
estimates of the rate of beneficial mutation. This does not even
include the additional and negative effects of “generic drift”.
Some
atheists and theist “scientists” in an effort to confuse the
issue, claim for example, that sickle cell anemia is an excellent example of a
“beneficial mutation”. They “triumphantly” disclose to the
public that carriers
of the mutation for sickle cell anemia are more resistant to malaria. This is a deceitfully conceived pyrrhic victory. From these "scientists" point of view, these are lucky persons who have been "blessed" with malaria resistant genes.
What they do not disclose openly is that, those "lucky" persons (with sickle cell anemia who are "deceitfully"
afflicted with such “beneficial” mutation), end up suffering from impaired hemoglobin function and reduced red blood cell counts. Hardly any person would want to be the joyful recipient of this mutation. This is hardly a desirable mutation that any reasonable human would
like to be a receptor of. Mutations are not beneficial, they are damaging and detrimental. Pleiotropic at best.
The
definition of this phenomena then is as follows: “Mutations that
affect more than one code are, to use a new terminology, pleiotropic
- in that they have multiple biological effects. This is consistent
with what geneticists have known for many decades — most known
mutations are pleiotropic at some level — affecting more than one
biological trait”. Thus, not really beneficial at all, but rather harmful.
Beneficial Mutations are Rare
“Beneficial
mutations in nature appear to be so rare that after decades of
research, geneticists and bio molecular studies, still cannot
empirically determine just how rare they are.
In fact, there are many reasons to believe that beneficial mutations are very, if not extremely damaging as in the case of sickle cell anemia. “A mutation is a component of an organism’s genetic specifications. Specifications are, by definition, specific. For life to be life requires an exquisite degree of specification — optimization that is hard for us to understand, involving global integration of thousands of systems which have hundreds of thousands of interactions”.
Furthermore,
the literature shows that “Each biological specification
is
encoded by strings of characters (nucleotides or amino acids) that
are very specific.., with each character
having meaning only in the context of many other characters”.
We
could make a very simple comparison for example, “like letters in a
book or like the binary bits comprising a computer code. Any random
change in such a set of specifications causes some loss of useful
information —”.
Thus, it is now clear that our DNA nor the DNA or living organisms, are not that easy to modify or that can
tolerate genetic tinkering with. Our mechanism are very both delicate and robust, at the same time. Why ? Because they will not allow changes to their chemical makeup to be done with ease.
They have "backup" mechanisms that do not allow the easy modifications of their chemical makeup via "mutations" of any sort, without becoming negatively affected.
They have "backup" mechanisms that do not allow the easy modifications of their chemical makeup via "mutations" of any sort, without becoming negatively affected.
Thus, when speaking of "mutations" and their commonality, Monatañez et al. stated, “This
no longer seems reasonable. It now seems more likely that biological
systems are robust because of many levels of auto-regulation,
self-correction, and countless back-up systems. The new field of
systems biology informs us of near-optimality in biological systems,
and this appears to be ubiquitous”.
“Such
ubiquitous optimality is only conceivable given extremely specific
(hence extremely constrained) genetic specifications. Such
nearly-optimal genetic specifications should inherently be very
difficult to improve, especially when limited to changes which only
arise as rare, random, and isolated events".
Note that it is explicitly said that "genetic specifications" are a must. If we speak with any engineer or anyone who designs things they will tell us the first thing in order to make something is to define its "specifications". This is what the DNA has inherently in its make up, designed specification from an intelligent agent. Not from pure chance.
Note that it is explicitly said that "genetic specifications" are a must. If we speak with any engineer or anyone who designs things they will tell us the first thing in order to make something is to define its "specifications". This is what the DNA has inherently in its make up, designed specification from an intelligent agent. Not from pure chance.
Montañez adds, “Trifanov
pioneered the concept that genomes have a multiplicity
of codes and such codes can overlap. He showed that a given
nucleotide site can participate in multiple genetic codes (with the
standard protein code being just being one such code). This is the
basic meaning of “poly- functional DNA”. Regrettably, Trifanov’s
profound discovery generated limited interest”.
On
the other hand, the recent “ENCODE project has validated the
importance of his ideas, and has shown that poly-functional DNA
appears to be ubiquitous in higher genomes”. In other words
poly-functional DNA is a structural part of humans makeup.
Now,
speaking of the complexity and efficiency of the human and DNA code
recent research says that, “Given that a single nucleotide pair can
potentially participate in so many different codes simultaneously, it
should be obvious that this allows data amplification without
increasing genome size, and so reflects a very sophisticated form of
data compression”.
Similar to what happens in physics, data amplification without incrementing the signal anytime we hit the resonance frequency of an object. Examples of this are bridges that have been damaged simply by wind resonant frequency matching the wave length of the bridge design. The exception is that in the DNA realm the "resonant" frequency of its "data amplification" produces good results as the designer is someone other than a human.
Similar to what happens in physics, data amplification without incrementing the signal anytime we hit the resonance frequency of an object. Examples of this are bridges that have been damaged simply by wind resonant frequency matching the wave length of the bridge design. The exception is that in the DNA realm the "resonant" frequency of its "data amplification" produces good results as the designer is someone other than a human.
"In physics, resonance is a phenomenon in which a vibrating system or external force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at specific frequencies. "Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum are known as the system's resonant frequencies or resonance frequencies. At resonant frequencies, small periodic driving forces have the ability to produce large amplitude oscillations, due to the storage of vibrational energy". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance.
Image courtesy of Wikipedia.
The DNA code is an example of information design and optimization
In
order to minimize evolutionist’s criticism that our human genome
code is made out some non-functional coding, or of the misnomer,
“junk DNA” is is important to remember that rather than junk its
makeup gives us absolute evidence, that it
is actually nothing less than an extreme case of optimization. Chance
does not play a role in information design and optimization.
Another “interesting requirement of overlapping codes is that each code must
be partially “degenerate” (imperfect) to create the “flexibility”
required to allow other overlapping codes. Such degeneracy might
appear to the casual observer as an example of bad design”, but in
reality it reflects extreme optimization”. It counteracts the deleterious effects of damaging changes, or any "mutational" changes to that code.
"Evolutionists" always see the glass as half empty. Those who know the truth of origins, always see it as a constructive reflection of optimization and design. Would anyone want anything less than that from someone who designed the plane they are boarding on their next trip that covers thousands of miles?
Also,
note that research has shown that “Within a highly optimized
genetic system, mutational damage can range from very slight to
lethal”. Any improvement would make hardly any difference in the
betterment of the organism. It will must likely kill it with no hope of survival for a second round.
Thus,
there is “apparent absence of documented mutations that are
unambiguously beneficial (i.e., beneficial at one or more levels,
while not deleterious on any level). To our knowledge there is no
case of a mutation which is unambiguously beneficial and which has
been shown to distinctly improve the inner workings or an organism”.
A Material Universe can't Produce Consciousness or Information
To illustrate the resiliency of the human genome, its DNA code, and how a single nucleotide pair can participate in many different codes,
"A given nucleotide could be:
1) part of an isochore structure; 2) part of a nucleosome binding site; 3) part of a cohesion binding site; 4) part of a transcriptional promoter or enhancer; 5) part of numerous forward-strand RNA transcripts, each with its own transcriptional start and stop points; 6) part of numerous reverse-strand RNA transcripts, each within its own transcriptional start and stop points;
7) part of an mRNA splice site; 8) part of an antisense RNA; 9) part of a nucleo-protein complex; 10) part of several alternately-spliced proteins within the source genic region; 11) part of several alternately-spliced proteins between different genicregions; 12) part of the genome which regulates alternative splicing of proteins; 13) part of the 3-dimensional organization of the chromosome;
14) part of the 3-dimensional organization of the entire genome; 15) part of the machinery which transports genic regions to active regions of transcription within the nucleus; 16)part of a site for attachment to the nuclear membrane; and 17) part of other undiscovered coding structures". http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789814508728_0006
This ultimately shows that the human genome and all other forms of life, must have acquired their “information” and resiliency to resist changes from a superior from of life, that is an intelligent agent, a Creator. A material universe can't possibly produce consciousness or information and multiple choices of such magnitude as those which we evidence above (Axe, 2018). https://creationhomeschooler.blogspot.com/p/irreducible-complexity-of-molecular.html
If would be a feat of incredible design , if we could manufacture cars and airplanes that give us up to 17 "multiple choices" for adaptation and survivorship when tires and wings fall off, or when things go wrong.
Either way, and if all those options of emergency recovery are already there, is it is evidence of design. Someone intelligent designed it and manufactured it to be that way. Chance is out of the question, and could not possibly enter into that picture in a trillion years.Tell that to a two year old child (that planes recover their wings after they fall off while flying) and see if he believes that lie.
Sources: Multiple Overlapping Genetic Codes Profoundly Reduce the Probability of Beneficial Mutation http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789814508728_0006. Accessed October, 7th, 2017.
References
George
Montañez, 1, , Robert J. Marks II, 2, , Jorge Fernandez, 3, and and
John C. Sanford. 2013. “Multiple Overlapping Genetic Codes
Profoundly Reduce the Probability of Beneficial Mutation.”
Biologial
Information,
b1567_Sect1.2.3, , no. New Perspectives.
http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789814508728_0006.
Pleotropic, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pleiotropic. Accessed Oct 10th, 2017.
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